Intro We study history in an effort to not make the mistakes of the past. Yet, as we cycle through centuries of events, we can spot...

"The turning point at which history failed to turn." Context Early 19th century was dominated by Napoleon Bonaparte. The French emperor...

Cover photo from history.com Intro With the Russian Revolution of 1917, Lenin wanted to establish a provisional government of Bolsheviks,...

Before 1917, there was 1905. It was the beginning of the 20th century, and pretty much all of western Europe had embraced...

Who was Rousseau? Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) was an 18th century philosopher from Geneva. He moved to France when he was 30, and...

In 1815, once Napoleon was safely exiled in St. Helena, European leaders came together in what is known as the Congress of Vienna, to...

The word sans-culottes in French literally means “without breeches.” But what did that have to do with the French Revolution?

After Napoleon's downfall, conservatism hits the European mainland and the major European powers gather to stabilize the balance of power.

The French Revolution (1789-1799) was perhaps one of the greatest turning points in European history.